What is Embedded System?

There are several definition of 'embedded system':

• "An embedded system is any application where a dedicated computer is built right into the system" according to [Jack Ganssle, The Art of Designing Embedded Systems, 2nd Edition, Newnes, 2008]
• An application that contains at least one programmable computer (uC, uP or DSP) and which is used by individuals who are in the main, unaware that the system is computer based. [ e Pont, M.J. , Patterns for Time Triggered Embedded Systems, (2001)]
• Any computer system hidden in any products , David E. Simon, An Embedded Software Primer ,Addison-Wesley Professional; 1 edition (August 15, 1999)
   

What is an Embedded System?

An embedded system is a specialized computer system that is designed and integrated to perform a specific function within a larger system. Think of it as a mini-computer built into a device to control a specific feature, rather than a general-purpose computer like your laptop or phone.

Here are some key characteristics:

• Dedicated Functionality: They are not designed for general use like PCs but focus on a single task (e.g., controlling the engine in a car, managing a microwave's settings).
• Embedded Hardware and Software: They consist of both hardware and software components tightly integrated to perform their dedicated function. The hardware is often custom-designed for the specific application.
• Real-Time Operation: Many embedded systems need to respond to events within a specific timeframe, making them real-time systems. This means they must process data and generate outputs quickly enough to meet deadlines imposed by the larger system (e.g., a robotic arm needs to react quickly to sensor inputs).

Examples of Embedded Systems:

• Consumer electronics: Smartphones, TVs, digital cameras, washing machines, microwaves, smartphones, refrigerators
• Automotive systems: Anti-lock braking systems (ABS), airbags, engine control units (ECUs)
• Industrial systems: Factory automation equipment, robots, medical devices, aircraft control systems
• Medical devices: Pacemakers, insulin pumps, hearing aids
• Networking equipment: Routers, switches, firewalls

Applications of Embedded Systems:

Embedded systems are used in a wide range of applications, including:

• Automotive: Engine control, anti-lock braking system (ABS), airbags, entertainment systems, navigation systems.
• Medical: Medical imaging equipment, patient monitoring systems, medical implants, drug delivery devices.
• Industrial Automation: Control systems for manufacturing machines, robots in assembly lines, automated warehouses, and industrial process automation.
• Aerospace: Flight control systems, autopilot, radar systems, communication systems.
• Consumer Electronics: Smartphones, smart TVs, digital cameras, microwaves, refrigerators, washing machines, coffee makers, and other household appliances.
• Consumer Electronics: Digital cameras, smartwatches, fitness trackers, smartphones, smart TVs, and other consumer electronics often use embedded systems for specific functions like controlling the lens in a camera or managing network connections in a TV.

Key takeaway: Embedded systems are everywhere, quietly powering the devices we use every day. They are the "brains" behind the scenes, making them tick and perform their tasks effectively.